NEW YORK CITY THE CAPITAL OF THE WORLD:

               New York City (NYC), often called town or just big apple (NY), is that the most populous city within the U.S.A. With an estimated 2019 population of 8,336,817 distributed over about 784 km², big apple is additionally the foremost densely populated major city within the u. s.. Located at the southern tip of the U.S. state of recent York, town is that the center of the big apple metropolitan area, the biggest metropolitan area within the world by urban landmass. With almost 20 million people in its metropolitan statistical area and approximately 23 million in its combined statistical area, it's one in every of the world's most populous mega cities. big apple City has been described because the cultural, financial, and media capital of the globe, significantly influencing commerce, entertainment, research, technology, education, politics, tourism, art, fashion, and sports. Home to the headquarters of the international organization, big apple is a very important center for international diplomacy.

Situated on one in every of the world's largest natural harbors, big apple City consists of 5 boroughs, each of which may be a county of the State of recent York. The five boroughs—Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, the Bronx, and Staten Island—were consolidated into one city in 1898. Town and its metropolitan area constitute the premier gateway for legal immigration to the United States. As many as 800 languages are spoken in big apple, making it the foremost linguistically diverse city within the world. Big apple is home to quite 3.2 million residents born outside the United States, the biggest foreign-born population of any city within the world as of 2016. As of 2019, the big apple metropolitan area is estimated to supply a gross metropolitan product (GMP) of $2.0 trillion. If the big apple metropolitan area were a sovereign state, it might have the 8th largest economy within the world. New York is home to the very best number of billionaires of any city within the world.

New York City traces its origins to a mercantile establishment founded by colonists from the Dutch Republic in 1624 on Lower Manhattan; the post was named colony in 1626. Town and its surroundings came under English control in 1664 and were renamed the big apple after King Charles II of England granted the lands to his brother, the Duke of York. It was the capital of the United States from 1785 until 1790, and has been the most important U.S. city since 1790. The Statue of Liberty greeted countless immigrants as they came to the U.S. by ship within the late 19th and early 20th centuries and could be a symbol of the U.S. and its ideals of liberty and peace. Within the 21st century, the big apple has emerged as a worldwide node of creativity and entrepreneurship and environmental sustainability, and as a logo of freedom and cultural diversity. In 2019, the big apple was voted the best city within the world per a survey of over 30,000 people from 48 cities worldwide, citing its cultural diversity.

Many districts and landmarks in Gotham City are well-known, including three of the world's ten most visited tourist attractions in 2013. A record 62.8 million tourists visited New York City in 2017. Times Square is that the brightly illuminated hub of the Broadway Theater District, one among the world's busiest pedestrian intersections, and a serious center of the world's show business. Many of the city's landmarks, skyscrapers, and parks are known round the world. Manhattan's property market is among the foremost expensive within the world.  The City That Never Sleeps is home to the biggest ethnic Chinese population outside of Asia, with multiple distinct China towns across town.  New York City Subway is that the largest single-operator public transit system worldwide, with 472 rail stations. town has over 120 colleges and universities, including university, big apple University, Rockefeller University, and therefore the university of latest York system, which is that the largest urban public university system within the us. Anchored by Wall Street within the Financial District of Lower Manhattan, big apple City has been called the both the world’s leading eye and therefore the most financially powerful city within the world, and is home to the world's two largest stock exchanges by total capitalization, the big apple securities market and NASDAQ.    

In the precolonial era, the world of present-day NY City was inhabited by Algonquian Native Americans, including the Lenape. Their homeland, called Lenapehoking, included Staten Island, Manhattan, the Bronx, the western portion of island (including the areas that will later become the boroughs of Brooklyn and Queens), and also the Lower Hudson Valley.

The first documented visit into New York Harbor by a ECU was in 1524 by Giovanni da Verrazzano, a Florentine explorer within the service of the French crown. He claimed the world for France and named it Nouvelle Angoulême (New Angoulême). A Spanish expedition, led by the Portuguese captain Estêvão Gomes sailing for Emperor Charles V, arrived in NYC Harbor in January 1525 and charted the mouth of the Hudson, which he named Río de city (Saint Anthony's River). The Padrón Real of 1527, the primary scientific map to indicate the geographic region of North America continuously, was informed by Gomes' expedition and labeled the northeastern us as Tierra de Esteban Gómez in his honor.

In 1609, nation explorer navigator rediscovered New York Harbor while looking for the route to the Orient for the Dutch East Indies Company. He proceeded to sail up what the Dutch would name the North River (now the Hudson River), named first by Hudson because the Mauritius after Maurice, Prince of Orange. Hudson's ship's officer described the harbor as "excellent Harbor for all winds" and therefore the river as "a mile broad" and "full of fish". Hudson sailed roughly 240 km north, past the location of the present-day New York urban center city of Albany, within the belief that it would be an oceanic tributary before the river became too shallow to continue. He made a ten-day exploration of the realm and claimed the region for the Dutch East Indies Company. In 1614, the realm between Cape Cod and Delaware Bay was claimed by Netherlands and called New-Nederland (New Netherland).

The first non-Native American inhabitant of what would eventually become New York City was Juan Rodriguez (transliterated to Dutch as Jan Rodrigues), a merchant from national capital. Born in national capital of Portuguese and African descent, he arrived in Manhattan during the winter of 1613–14, trapping for pelts and trading with the local population as a representative of the Dutch. Broadway, from 159th Street to 218th Street in Upper Manhattan, is known as Juan Rodriguez Way in his honor.

A permanent European presence in colony began in 1624—making big apple the 12th oldest continuously occupied European-established settlement within the continental us —with the founding of a Dutch fur trading settlement on Governors Island. In 1625, construction was started on a citadel and Fort Amsterdam, later called New Amsterdam (New Amsterdam), on present-day Manhattan Island. The colony of latest Amsterdam was centered on what would later be referred to as Lower Manhattan. It extended from the lower tip of Manhattan to modern-day Wall Street, where a 12-foot wooden stockade was in-built 1653 to guard against Native American and British raids. In 1626, the Dutch colonial Director-General Minuit, acting as charged by the Dutch West India Company, purchased the island of Manhattan from the Canarsie, a tiny low Lenape band, for "the value of 60 guilders" (about $900 in 2018). A disproved legend claims that Manhattan was purchased for $24 worth of glass beads.

Following the acquisition, New Amsterdam grew slowly. to draw in settlers, the Dutch instituted the patroon system in 1628, whereby wealthy Dutchmen (patroons, or patrons) who brought 50 colonists to colony would be awarded swaths of land, together with local political autonomy and rights to participate within the lucrative fur trade. This program had little success.

Since 1621, the Dutch West India Company had operated as a monopoly in dependency, on authority granted by the Dutch States General. In 1639–1640, in an endeavor to bolster economic process, the Dutch West India Company relinquished its monopoly over the fur trade, resulting in growth within the production and trade of food, timber, tobacco, and slaves (particularly with the Dutch West Indies).

In 1647, administrator began his tenure because the last Director-General of recent Netherland. During his tenure, the population of recent Netherland grew from 2,000 to 8,000. Stuyvesant has been credited with improving law and order within the colony; however, he also earned a reputation as a despotic leader. He instituted regulations on liquor sales, attempted to claim control over the Dutch Reformed Church, and blocked other religious groups (including Quakers, Jews, and Lutherans) from establishing houses of worship. The Dutch West India Company would eventually try to ease tensions between Stuyvesant and residents of recent Amsterdam.

In 1664, unable to summon any significant resistance, Stuyvesant surrendered settlement to English troops, led by Colonel Richard Nicolls, bloodlessly. The terms of the surrender permitted Dutch residents to stay within the colony and allowed for religious freedom. Nation promptly renamed the fledgling city "New York" after the Duke of York (the future King James II of England). The transfer was confirmed in 1667 by the Treaty of Breda, which concluded the Second Anglo-Dutch War.

On August 24, 1673, during the Third Anglo-Dutch War, Dutch captain Anthony Colve seized the colony of recent York from England at the behest of Cornelis Evertsen the Youngest and rechristened it "New Orange" after William of Orange, the Prince of Orange. The Dutch would soon return the island to England under the Treaty of Westminster of November 1674.

Several intertribal wars among the Native Americans and a few epidemics brought on by contact with the Europeans caused sizeable population losses for the Lenape between the years 1660 and 1670. By 1700, the Lenape population had diminished to 200. the big apple experienced several infectious disease epidemics within the 18th century, losing tenth part of its population to the disease in 1702 alone.

New York grew in importance as a trading port while under British rule the first 1700s. It also became a middle of slavery, with 42% of households holding slaves by 1730, the best percentage outside Charleston, South Carolina. Most slaveholders held some or several domestic slaves, but others hired them resolute work on labor. Slavery became integrally tied to New York's economy through the labor of slaves throughout the port, and also the banks and shipping tied to the American South. Discovery of the African site within the 1990s, during construction of a brand new federal courthouse near Foley Square, revealed that tens of thousands of Africans had been buried within the area within the colonial years.

The 1735 trial and acquittal in Manhattan of John Peter Zenger, who had been accused of seditious libel after criticizing colonial governor William Cosby, helped to ascertain the liberty of the press in North America. In 1754, university was founded under charter by King George II as King's College in Lower Manhattan.

The Stonewall riots were a series of spontaneous, violent demonstrations by members of the gay community against a police raid that transpire within the early morning hours of June 28, 1969, at the Stonewall Inn within the Greenwich Village neighborhood of Lower Manhattan. They're widely considered to constitute the only most significant event resulting in the gay liberation movement and also the modern fight for LGBT rights. Wayne R. Dynes, author of the Encyclopedia of Homosexuality, wrote that drag queens were the sole "transgender folks around" during the June 1969 Stonewall riots. "None of them after all made a significant contribution to the movement”. Others say the transgender community in the big apple City played a major role in fighting for LGBT equality during the amount of the Stonewall riots and thereafter.

In the 1970s, job losses thanks to industrial restructuring caused New York City to suffer from economic problems and rising crime rates. While resurgence within the financial industry greatly improved the city's economic health within the 1980s, New York's rate continued to extend through that decade and into the start of the 1990s. By the mid-1990s, crime rates began to drop dramatically thanks to revised police strategies, improving economic opportunities, gentrification, and new residents, both American transplants and new immigrants from Asia and geographical region. Important new sectors, like Silicon Alley, emerged within the city's economy. New York's population reached all-time highs within the 2000 census then again within the 2010 census.

New York suffered the majority of the economic damage and largest loss of human life within the aftermath of the Sept. 11, 2001 attacks. Two of the four airliners highjacked that day were flown into the dual towers of the planet Trade Center, destroying them and killing 2,192 civilians, 343 firefighters, and 71 enforcement officers. The North Tower became the tallest building ever to be destroyed anywhere then or subsequently.

The area was rebuilt with a replacement One World Trade Center, a 9/11 memorial and museum, and other new buildings and infrastructure. The planet Trade Center PATH station, which had opened on July 19, 1909 because the Hudson Terminal, was also destroyed within the attack, a brief station was built and opened on November 23, 2003. A 74,000 m² permanent rail station designed by Santiago Calatrava, the planet Trade Center Transportation Hub, the city's third-largest hub, was completed in 2016. The new One World Trade Center is that the tallest skyscraper within the New World and therefore the sixth-tallest building within the world by pinnacle height, with its spire reaching a symbolic 541.3 m in regard to the year of U.S. independence.

The Occupy Wall Street protests in Zuccotti Park within the Financial District of Lower Manhattan began on September 17, 2011, receiving global attention and popularizing the Occupy movement against social and economic inequality worldwide.

As of the first months of 2020, New York City and its surrounding metropolitan area have experienced by a large margin the very best number of confirmed coronavirus cases and deaths of any populated area in the United States resulting from the worldwide COVID-19 pandemic.